What are some professional career that relate to traveling around the world and documenting other culture?

Hi - Have you studied Anthropology. Anthropology is an interesting field that would allow you to travel the world and has applicability to business and global relations today..

You can study to be a writer and write about other countries and destinations with Travel Magazines

I have traveled the world as an editorial photographer documenting other cultures for four decades, but my experience is probably not helpful for what you want to do. My son and daughter went into medical careers and they have done some traveling. When she was a university nursing student my daughter spent six months in Mexico which she thought was a very rewarding experience. Many schools have semesters abroad like this. But I assume you are serious about doing this for more than a semester. So I would suggest looking into the requirements for medical or environmental work for a non-governmental organization (NGO) such as Doctors Without Borders, International Medical Corps, Oxfam, Care, United Nations (UNICEF), International Rescue Committee, or as a volunteer in the U.S. Peace Corps. Just google "NGO medical jobs" and you'll find leads on hundreds of organizations for you to research.

I think any time you can mix travel, research, and a profession you are very lucky. You may want to pursue cultural anthropology, relief or aid work or even the travel and leisure industry. There are many education and travel companies such as Education First that employ people to manage tours and supervise and chaperone the people touring.