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Gabriella
Student
Pflugerville, Texas
1
Question
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How many different types of forensics sciences is there and how specific does a forensics job get? is forensic science focused on one certain part in college or forensics as a whole?
Hello, I'm a senior in high school in Pflugerville and I want to major in forensics but I'm not sure what jobs include what part of forensics, I know of in lab forensics and out of field forensics but is there any other and how different is it from majoring in forensic science as a whole in college? And how does forensics in college change your view on forensics science from high school?
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Patrick Meyer
Executive - Data Analytics and AI
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Naperville, Illinois
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Patrick’s Answer
Gabriella, please know that it is fantastic that you’re considering a major in forensic science. It is a fascinating, impactful field that bridges science, criminal justice, and real-world problem-solving. To answer your questions clearly and specifically: forensic science is a broad umbrella term that includes many specialized subfields, each with its own focus, tools, and career pathways. As you move through your college education, you’ll find that forensic science becomes increasingly specialized, and your interests will help determine which direction you take.
There are dozens of recognized types of forensic sciences, and they can be grouped into three major categories: field-based forensics, laboratory-based forensics, and digital/technical forensics. Some of the most common and specialized fields include:
* Forensic Biology/DNA Analysis – involves analyzing biological evidence such as blood, saliva, and hair.
* Forensic Chemistry/Toxicology – focuses on identifying chemicals, drugs, poisons, and toxins in samples.
* Forensic Pathology – centers on determining cause of death through autopsies (typically performed by medical examiners).
* Forensic Anthropology – studies human skeletal remains to determine identity, trauma, and time of death.
* Digital Forensics – investigates cybercrimes, including recovering deleted files, tracing hacks, and analyzing mobile and computer data.
* Forensic Psychology – applies psychological principles to criminal investigations, often focusing on criminal behavior or competency.
* Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) – focuses on collecting and preserving physical evidence at crime scenes.
* Ballistics/Firearms Analysis, Document Examination, and Forensic Odontology (dental forensics) are also key areas.
Gabriella, you can find a complete and detailed breakdown of these specializations through the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) at https://www.aafs.org under their “Disciplines” section.
In college, most forensic science programs start with a generalist approach—you’ll study core sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics, along with foundational forensic courses such as crime scene processing, criminal law, and ethics. As you progress, particularly in your junior and senior years, you’ll likely be able to choose a concentration or track, such as forensic biology, toxicology, or digital forensics, depending on your school’s offerings. Some programs are more lab-focused, while others partner with criminal justice departments to provide a broader investigative scope. Schools like Texas State University, Sam Houston State University, and University of North Texas all offer strong forensic programs in Texas you may want to explore.
Gabriella, compared to high school, college-level forensic science is much more rigorous and scientifically rooted. While high school might focus on basic crime scene analysis or mock investigations, college dives into molecular biology, analytical chemistry, legal procedures, and the chain of custody in evidence handling. This deeper exposure often reshapes students’ perceptions—it’s not just about solving crimes like on TV; it’s about precision, ethics, and often years of scientific investigation. Many students enter thinking they'll be CSI agents and leave inspired to become forensic DNA analysts, digital forensics investigators, or lab-based toxicologists.
To get the most out of your college experience, consider volunteering or interning with local law enforcement agencies, medical examiner offices, or crime labs if available. You can also explore certification pathways through organizations like the American Board of Criminalistics (https://www.criminalistics.com) if you're looking to deepen your expertise later on.
In short, Gabriella, forensic science offers a wide variety of paths—both in the lab and in the field—and your college education will help you narrow down your focus. You’re absolutely on the right track by asking these questions early. With curiosity, dedication, and hands-on experience, you can shape a rewarding career helping uncover the truth through science.
There are dozens of recognized types of forensic sciences, and they can be grouped into three major categories: field-based forensics, laboratory-based forensics, and digital/technical forensics. Some of the most common and specialized fields include:
* Forensic Biology/DNA Analysis – involves analyzing biological evidence such as blood, saliva, and hair.
* Forensic Chemistry/Toxicology – focuses on identifying chemicals, drugs, poisons, and toxins in samples.
* Forensic Pathology – centers on determining cause of death through autopsies (typically performed by medical examiners).
* Forensic Anthropology – studies human skeletal remains to determine identity, trauma, and time of death.
* Digital Forensics – investigates cybercrimes, including recovering deleted files, tracing hacks, and analyzing mobile and computer data.
* Forensic Psychology – applies psychological principles to criminal investigations, often focusing on criminal behavior or competency.
* Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) – focuses on collecting and preserving physical evidence at crime scenes.
* Ballistics/Firearms Analysis, Document Examination, and Forensic Odontology (dental forensics) are also key areas.
Gabriella, you can find a complete and detailed breakdown of these specializations through the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) at https://www.aafs.org under their “Disciplines” section.
In college, most forensic science programs start with a generalist approach—you’ll study core sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics, along with foundational forensic courses such as crime scene processing, criminal law, and ethics. As you progress, particularly in your junior and senior years, you’ll likely be able to choose a concentration or track, such as forensic biology, toxicology, or digital forensics, depending on your school’s offerings. Some programs are more lab-focused, while others partner with criminal justice departments to provide a broader investigative scope. Schools like Texas State University, Sam Houston State University, and University of North Texas all offer strong forensic programs in Texas you may want to explore.
Gabriella, compared to high school, college-level forensic science is much more rigorous and scientifically rooted. While high school might focus on basic crime scene analysis or mock investigations, college dives into molecular biology, analytical chemistry, legal procedures, and the chain of custody in evidence handling. This deeper exposure often reshapes students’ perceptions—it’s not just about solving crimes like on TV; it’s about precision, ethics, and often years of scientific investigation. Many students enter thinking they'll be CSI agents and leave inspired to become forensic DNA analysts, digital forensics investigators, or lab-based toxicologists.
To get the most out of your college experience, consider volunteering or interning with local law enforcement agencies, medical examiner offices, or crime labs if available. You can also explore certification pathways through organizations like the American Board of Criminalistics (https://www.criminalistics.com) if you're looking to deepen your expertise later on.
In short, Gabriella, forensic science offers a wide variety of paths—both in the lab and in the field—and your college education will help you narrow down your focus. You’re absolutely on the right track by asking these questions early. With curiosity, dedication, and hands-on experience, you can shape a rewarding career helping uncover the truth through science.